Addressing human rights abuses in post Gaddafi Libya Essay

Addressing human rights abuses in post Gaddafi Libya - Essay Example The revolution pitted the forces that were loyal to the then Libya leader Colonel Muammar Gaddafi against those who were seeking to oust Gaddafi’s government. What began as clashes between protesters in Benghazi with security forces later escalated into a revolution across Libya with those opposed to Gaddafi’s government establishing the National Transitional Council; their interim governing body. During the revolution, various atrocities were committed against the Libyan people thus violating the human rights provisions. The forces that were loyal to Gaddafi committed most atrocities; there are also allegations that those who were opposed to Gaddafi’s government committed some atrocities as well. There were crimes against humanity such as murder, torture, rape, enforced disappearance of people, and extermination among other inhumane acts that caused serious physical and mental injuries to the people of Libya. It is for this reason that Truth and Reconciliation C ommission (TRC) is necessary in order to address the spirit injuries of all kinds that occurred during the revolution. According to Sunga (2009), a Truth and Reconciliation Commission refers to a commission mandated with the responsibility of discovering, investigating, and revealing the past atrocities, injustices, and any other kind of wrongdoing by actors, with an aim of addressing the injuries caused by those acts, hence resolving the conflict that may be within the conflicting parties. The actors can be the government or non- state actors depending on the circumstances. The main aim of TRC is to ensure that the conflicting (or that conflicted) parties are able to co- exist peaceful, and that there will be no recurrence of such acts in the future (p. 4). In the case of Libya, there is no guarantee that the Libyans will accept TRC due to varying reasons. Assuming that they have rejected TRC to address the spirit injuries of all kinds that occurred during the revolution, there are proposed legal alternatives based on international, regional or national laws. First, it is important to state two major possible that would make the Libyans reject TRC. First, they may feel that TRC will allow those who committed crime against humanity to get away with it hence denying justice to the victims. Secondly, they may fear that TRC will take long to address their injuries thus delaying justice to the victims; justice delayed is justice denied (Hayner 2001, p.9). Based on the international law, the legal alternative to TRC in addressing the crimes committed is on prosecution of those accused of perpetrating the atrocities. Since Libya is not a State party to the Rome Statute, the situation in Libya was referred to the ICC Prosecutor by the UN Security Council through the unanimous adoption of Resolution 1970, on 26 February 2011. The Crimes against humanity committed in Libya during the revolution are defined under Article 7 (1) of the Rome Statute (Rome Statute of the In ternational Criminal Court, 1998). As such, the legal alternatives to TRC based on international law will be prosecution of the crimes’ suspects in the International Criminal Court (ICC). Concerning legal alternatives to TRC based on regional laws, the laws will fail to address the spirit injuries of all kinds committed during the revolution. This is because the rule 26 of African Court on Human Rights and Peoples Rights state that the court do not have jurisdiction to hear criminal cases. Therefore, since the atrocities committed in Libya were of criminal nature, the regional court will not provide any suitable alternative since the victims will feel aggrieved. The national law may provide alternative to TRC

An overview of marketing Essay Example for Free

An overview of marketing Essay 1. Are the corporate objectives clearly stated and do they lead logically to the marketing objectives? According to Boyd Jr and Levy (1966), corporate objective is the practical goal established by an organization. Mostly the organization uses it to target their achievement and success. Furthermore, Ramaganapathy (2010) defines that marketing objectives are the goals and targets in order to complete through the company’s marketing activities. In addition, it can be referred to the company’s mission and vision which can be achieved reasonably. So, marketing objectives can be subsidiary of corporate objective. Hewlett-Packard Company provides hardware, software and services to customer. They set many corporate objectives such as increasing customer loyalty by serving the highest quality and value, achieve profit to create value to shareholders, to be the leader in the market by produce innovative products and services to satisfy the customer, and responsibility to the employees by promote and reward depend on performance and create work environment (www8.hp.com, 2014). So, HP is clearly stated their corporate objectives and most of them also lead logically to marketing objectives to make their products and services satisfy by the customers’ needs and wants. 2. Does the organization follow the marketing concept? The selling concept or production concept? According to Burnett (2008), the marketing concept is the idea that an organization attempts to satisfy the customer in order to achieve sales and profit at the end. Furthermore he explains that the idea of marketing concept is to consider the needs and requirements to the target customers and improve itself to satisfy consumers effectively in order to be over the competitors. Therefore, the marketing concept is all about matching the company’s competency and the needs and wants of consumers. So, HP follows the marketing concept. They focus more on customers. HP tries to create their products related to customers and giving name to each product in order to create brand family (An Ehow Contributor, 2014). Also, its corporate objective shows that HP try to develop and delivery the new products and services with the highest quality and value to satisfy their customers to create custo mer loyalty. HP also differentiates itself by arrange its value proposition and message to customer’s needs and wants. According to Turcotte (2012), HP also does many researches from its most important IT customers to study their wants and needs. So, HP wants to  understand their consumers the most to create value to its customers and satisfy them and persuade them to be loyalty. 3. What is the core marketing strategy for achieving its objectives? Is it a sound strategy? HP now mainly focuses on serving the high quality products and services at the reasonable price to customers. They have the variety of IT products and services including software, hardware, IT infrastructure, and IT services. For each product, they create the variety of models to be the choices for every target customers. With the wide range of products at the different prices can satisfy their customers’ needs. The main focus aims to provide the reasonable price with the quality merchandise. So, their customers may feel that their products are valuable in term of price and quality. Website and commercial advertising are the way that HP uses to communicate their promotions and special offers such as limited time 0% financing to their customers. Also for the distribution channel, customers can find HP products from anywhere they can find other electronics. Customers also can purchase th eir products directly from their friendly website which also can research and compare their products and offer shipping services through various countries. The 4ps show that HP use customer based to create the strategies. References An Ehow Contributor (2014). Hewlett-Packard Marketing Strategies | eHow. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.ehow.com/way_5348861_hewlettpackard-marketing-strategies.html [Accessed: 27 Mar 2014]. Boyd Jr, H. W. Levy, S. J. (1966). What kind of corporate objectives?. The Journal Of Marketing, pp. 5358. Burnett, J. (2008). Core Concepts of Marketing. [e-book] Global Text. Available through: http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Core-Concepts-of-Marketing.pdf [Accessed: 27 Mar 2014]. Ramaganapathy, S. (2010). What’s the marketing objective – Lead Generation or Brand Awareness? | Lead Views a B2B Lead Generation Blog. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.leadformix.com/blog/2010/04/what’s-the-marketing-objective-lead-generation-or-brand-awareness/ [Accessed: 27 Mar 2014]. Turcotte, A. (2012). How Social Media Brought the Humanity into HP Technology Services Marketing | IT Services Marketing Association. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.itsma.com/ezine/social-media-brought-humanity-into-hp-technology-services-marketing/ [Accessed: 27 Mar 2014]. Www8.hp.com. (2014). HP CORPORATE OBJECTIVES AND SHARED VALUES | HP ® Official Site. [online] Retrieved from: http://www8.hp.com/us/en/hp-information/about-hp/corporate-objectives.html [Accessed: 27 Mar 2014].

Codes :: essays research papers

CALIFORNIA CODES HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE 13113.8. (a) On and after January 1, 1986, every single-family dwelling and factory-built housing, as defined in Section 19971, which is sold shall have an operable smoke detector. The detector shall be approved and listed by the State Fire Marshal and installed in accordance with the State Fire Marshal's regulations. Unless prohibited by local rules, regulations, or ordinances, a battery-operated smoke detector shall be deemed to satisfy the requirements of this section. (b) On and after January 1, 1986, the transferor of any real property containing a single-family dwelling, as described in subdivision (a), whether the transfer is made by sale, exchange, or real property sales contract, as defined in Section 2985 of the Civil Code, shall deliver to the transferee a written statement indicating that the transferor is in compliance with this section. The disclosure statement shall be either included in the receipt for deposit in a real estate transaction, an addendum attached thereto , or a separate document. (c) The transferor shall deliver the statement referred to in subdivision (b) as soon as practicable before the transfer of title in the case of a sale or exchange, or prior to execution of the contract where the transfer is by a real property sales contract, as defined in Section 2985. For purposes of this subdivision, "delivery" means delivery in person or by mail to the transferee or transferor, or to any person authorized to act for him or her in the transaction, or to additional transferees who have requested delivery from the transferor in writing. Delivery to the spouse of a transferee or transferor shall be deemed delivery to a transferee or transferor, unless the contract states otherwise. (d) This section does not apply to any of the following: (1) Transfers which are required to be preceded by the furnishing to a prospective transferee of a copy of a public report pursuant to Section 11018.1 of the Business and Professions Code. (2) Tra nsfers pursuant to court order, including, but not limited to, transfers ordered by a probate court in the administration of an estate, transfers pursuant to a writ of execution, transfers by a trustee in bankruptcy, transfers by eminent domain, or transfers resulting from a decree for specific performance. (3) Transfers to a mortgagee by a mortgagor in default, transfers to a beneficiary of a deed of trust by a

The Destruction of Willy Loman in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death Salesman essays

The Destruction of Willy Loman in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Willy Loman is a travelling salesman who has worked for the Wagner firm for 34 years. He is now 61 years old and his job has been taken off salary and put on commission. He has a family and he boasts to them that he is "vital in New England," but in fact he isn’t vital anywhere. Willy has many strong beliefs that he strives to achieve. He wants to own his own business and he wants to be "bigger than Uncle Charley" and especially he wants to be a great success and he tries to emulate Dave Singleman. He wishes to die the "Death of a Salesman" and have many buyers and salesmen mourn for him. He also tries to be a good father, and husband. However Willy’s aims in life have been useless as he hasn’t really achieved anything. He got fired by Howard, his sons are both failures and they abandoned him in a restaurant toilet. His relationship with his wife is plagued by his guilt for committing adultery. He has to borrow $50 a week from Charley. He can’t even keep his mind on one thing for a long time. He can’t drive a car. Willy gets so fed up with all of these things that he want’s to commit suicide and eventually, he does. This topic suggests that Willy’s deterioration occurs because the principals he believes in. To a large extent this is true. After 34 years of Willy’s life, he loses his job. To a normal person under normal circumstances, being retrenched is a time when you feel useless. But for Willy, since everything else is going wrong at the same time, he feels like a useless old man. Willy thought that just because he named his boss, that he would have a secure future with the company but as Charley said "them things don’t mean anything? You named him Howard, but you can’t sell that." Even though Willy wasn’t even getting paid a salary, Howard didn’t want him to even represent the company in case Willy "cracked up" again. Although Willy is mostly destroyed by his own ideals there are other things that destroy him as well, like Howard, Happy and Biff. Willy is emotionally destroyed when Howard fires him. Then, both of his sons disown and abandon him in Frank’s Chop House.

Analysis of Wallace Stevens’ “On Modern Poetry” Essay

There is something to be said for a man who can look deeply into his profession and define exactly what is that he does. The deaths of many men have passed without a definition of their lives, or a true understanding of what they do. In his poem â€Å"On Modern Poetry,† Wallace Stevens attempts to define his life’s work and his passion. To a poet â€Å"On Modern Poetry† serves as both a guidebook and a wonderful example of what makes poetics an amazing art. Stevens uses his talent to explain his talent, taking the reader on a wonderful journey through the process of poem creation, and through the human mind. The aforementioned guidelines that Wallace details in â€Å"On Modern Poetry† are dead on and may have shaped the way that poems are created to this day. He captured the true essence of poetics while allowing the reader to continue doing their job, using their mind and their imagination. Stevens weaves a visual path through the job description of a poe m and leaves the reader wondering what is said, and how to take it. Read more: Good country people shmoop  essay The journey of poem writing is a perplexing one, especially in the area of method. When Wallace Stevens opens â€Å"On Modern Poetry† with the line: â€Å"The poem of the mind in the act of finding/What will suffice† (ll. 1-2). He is detailing the struggle to find the right word, the right scheme, or the right time for change. He then follows with: â€Å"It has not always had/To find: the scene was set; it repeated what/Was in the script† (ll. 2-4). This is in reference to change and the modernist/imagist view of poetry in the past. This could be taken as a derogatory comment to the simplicity and complacency of past poetry. Regardless, I tend to take it as a comment on the overall state of poetry, a look at the past, but a welcoming of the state of current poetry. The first stanza of the poem simply details the struggles of a changing genre, and uses descriptive diction to do that. One great thing about a poem is that it leaves room for thought, for personal development, and for individual interpretation. Not only does â€Å"On Modern Poetry† do those things, but it also tells the reader to do them. â€Å"A metaphysician in the dark, twanging/An instrument, twanging a wiry string that gives/Sounds passing through a sudden rightnesses, wholly/Containing the mind†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (ll. 20-23). The lines in themselves are perplexing and leave plenty of room for interpretation. But what a reader comes to conclude is  that Stevens is suggesting that a poem buries itself within the human mind and plants a seed. The poem acts as a seed to thought, and it exercises the mind on a regular basis. A good poem is one that makes the reader think, and not just about the words, but about themselves and about their mind. The idea of a poem as a performer, be it an actor in a play, or a musician playing an instrument, or a metaphysician playing an instrument is one of particular interest. Stevens uses the metaphor throughout the poem and does so quite well. The duality of the performer as the poet allows for a wide range of comparison and gives way to a multitude of metaphors. In the following lines Stevens uses the idea of a actor on stage to present the depth of a poems words: â€Å"†¦speak words that in the ear, In the delicatest ear of the mind, repeat, Exactly, that which it wants to hear, at the sound Of which, and invisible audience listens, Not to the play, but to itself, expressed In an emotion as of two people, as of two Emotions becoming one†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (ll. 13-19). The lines represent the idea that a poem must cross over from reality to a level that talks to the reader and allows them to listen to their thoughts and not just the poem. The poem becomes simply a vehicle for the human mind; it opens doors and allows the reader to read about themselves. When Stevens enters the second stanza he begins to give his guidelines for modern poetry: â€Å"It has to be living, to learn the speech of the place. It has to face the men of the time and to meet The women of the time. It has to think about war And it has to find what will suffice† (ll. 7-10). The lines in themselves are quite simple, in their original form. They provide simple rules, but rules that were fairly modern during this time. The idea of including the meeting of women provides a fairly modern concept in concern to women’s rights and public recognition. Poems have always been concerned with war, or with human suffering, but the modern idea of thinking of war provides an example of being both positive and tragic. The past hundred years had been fairly rose-colored, but beginning in the 1930’s America took a turn for the worse and thus provided a reason to consider human tragedy. For a poem to be living and to learn the speech of the place simply means it must me modern, or current. The final four lines are more intriguing and seem more complex than all of the previous lines. They seem to be putting into action the ideas of the poem so far. He gives examples of what things would work as â€Å"modern poetry†. Modern poetry must find satisfaction, and some ways in which that may be achieved is through the discussion of a man skating or of a woman dancing or combing her hair. These things must exercise the mind though. Modern poems cannot simply describe the action, but must look beyond the action, from the subject, to the writer, to the reader. While I cannot claim to fully understand Stevens’ view of modern poetry, I feel that through his poem I can form some conclusions about his beliefs. Wallace Stevens was not a highly renowned scholar, but he did have an understanding of what he was writing. He could describe his work, and he could put it on paper for others to see. As a student now finally gaining a respect for poetry it is nice to see what a poem writer thinks about his job. It is amazing to see that a poem can be made of any topic, and maybe  that provides another point in the description of poetry. In a 28-line poem Wallace succeeds in providing a guidebook in the writing of good poetry, and gives the reader a lot to think about. But, as Wallace says himself, â€Å"The poem of the act of the mind† (l. 28).

President JAckson essays

President JAckson essays Andrew Jackson was not born of wealth or prestige; however, he eventually ensconced himself in that position, mainly through military success. Jackson served his presidency, after John Quincy Adams, supporting the population that obtained a similar background. He supported the common man. Andrew Jacksons performance in office was strongly democratic, which completely opposed the prior presidencies, The Era of Goodfeeling. Jacksons presidency spurred polarized sects of the American population, which emitted two very different views of Andrew Jackson. Jackson obtained the presidential position following The Era of Goodfeeling. In this era, Presidents, such as Monroe, created a harmonious executive branch. Monroe made appointments to people from both the North and the South, both prosperous and poor. The executive branch had negated bias until the inauguration of Andrew Jackson. Jackson created a kitchen cabinet, which placed extreme emphasis on democratic policies. Sectionalism was hard to avoid because Jackson and his kitchen cabinet set decisions representing only half, the democratic half, of the nation. By appointing his select cabinet, all of Jacksons democratic ideals were upheld. One of Andrew Jacksons goals was to remove the previous, somewhat archaic, officeholders from their positions in order to enhance the vitality of the executive branch. He also increased the power of the executive branch and continued his democratic approaches by refraining to pay for internal improvements with money from the national government. For example, the Maysville Road request was denied because the road would only benefit a single state. The Democrats also abhorred the bank. Jackson fought Nicolas Biddle, the President of the Bank of the United States, while trying to transfer power away from the national bank and into the many stat...

English Industrialization

English Industrialization Throughout history, England has been a major power. At certain points in history, its government and economy have been very powerful and grand. Due to many factors, England was able to grow in power and become a predominant force in Europe. During the Industrialization of the early to mid-nineteenth century, England was able to achieve and maintain the role as the supreme industrialized power because of the characteristics of England.England was successful due to the trade it received and also due to the numerous factories and textiles located in England. Because England had a large amount of iron available, Factories and inventions were made. Using the natural resources, the factories, and inventions, countless products were made with better quality. Also, because the machines actually did the work, they factory owners did not have to pay as many laborers and also the job was done at a much quicker pace.English: The House of Commons in Session

Free Essays on Katharine Hepburn

â€Å"I’m a personality as well as an actress,† Katharine Hepburn once declared. â€Å"Show me an actress who isn’t a personality and you’ll show me a woman who isn’t a star.† Named the top female Greatest American Screen Legend by the American Film Institute in 1999, Hepburn is one of the most prominent actors in Hollywood history. During her long, prosperous career she scraped together twelve Best Actress nominations at the Academy, winning four of them and cementing her status as an idol to many. But how did a woman who in 1933 was branded â€Å"Box Office Poison† make such a triumphant comeback? Quotes Kate: â€Å"I never realized until lately that women were supposed to be inferior. Only when a woman decides not to have children can she live like a man – That’s what I’ve done.† Nearly a century ago, Katharine Houghton Hepburn was born to a very eccentric pair of Democrats and grew up in the company of seven brothers and sisters. Her mother, also named Katharine, was one of the earliest advocates of Family Planning and worked alongside husband Thomas to campaign for female suffrage. Kate inherited her parents’ most pronounced traits: an open and ever-expanding mind, a healthy body (maintained by constant exercise), and an inability to tell anything less than the truth. A real tomboy as a child, she wanted to be exactly like older brother Tom and often found herself climbing trees and riding bikes rather than learning to be a â€Å"lady† (which was just fine with her mom). The first tragedy in her life, though, occurred when Tom accidentally hanged himself while practicing a trick their father had taught them, and when her mother died a short time later Kate was forced to â€Å"grow up.† Now the oldest child, Hepburn enrolled at Bryn Mawr College, which was a family tradition on her mother’s side, and found her interests increasingly drawn to the stage. She switched her major before her sophomore year, a... Free Essays on Katharine Hepburn Free Essays on Katharine Hepburn â€Å"I’m a personality as well as an actress,† Katharine Hepburn once declared. â€Å"Show me an actress who isn’t a personality and you’ll show me a woman who isn’t a star.† Named the top female Greatest American Screen Legend by the American Film Institute in 1999, Hepburn is one of the most prominent actors in Hollywood history. During her long, prosperous career she scraped together twelve Best Actress nominations at the Academy, winning four of them and cementing her status as an idol to many. But how did a woman who in 1933 was branded â€Å"Box Office Poison† make such a triumphant comeback? Quotes Kate: â€Å"I never realized until lately that women were supposed to be inferior. Only when a woman decides not to have children can she live like a man – That’s what I’ve done.† Nearly a century ago, Katharine Houghton Hepburn was born to a very eccentric pair of Democrats and grew up in the company of seven brothers and sisters. Her mother, also named Katharine, was one of the earliest advocates of Family Planning and worked alongside husband Thomas to campaign for female suffrage. Kate inherited her parents’ most pronounced traits: an open and ever-expanding mind, a healthy body (maintained by constant exercise), and an inability to tell anything less than the truth. A real tomboy as a child, she wanted to be exactly like older brother Tom and often found herself climbing trees and riding bikes rather than learning to be a â€Å"lady† (which was just fine with her mom). The first tragedy in her life, though, occurred when Tom accidentally hanged himself while practicing a trick their father had taught them, and when her mother died a short time later Kate was forced to â€Å"grow up.† Now the oldest child, Hepburn enrolled at Bryn Mawr College, which was a family tradition on her mother’s side, and found her interests increasingly drawn to the stage. She switched her major before her sophomore year, a...

Correlate Actions and Results with Project Management Processes Assignment

Correlate Actions and Results with Project Management Processes - Assignment Example A solution to this requires creation of a benchmark to enhance assessment of the quality of the end product (Alan, 2008). It is crucial to develop processes which will take place in achieving the ultimate goal. This will enhance coordination, correlation, and effective implementation of the project. The idea will also facilitate the creation of order of events; this reduces chances of producing a substandard output, because the outline ensures that implementers follow the recommended procedures (Clifford and Larson, 2007). Work break down structure will also facilitate correlation of actions, processes, and results. This is because it is a tool for strategic planning; the tool divides the project into subsections. The subsections facilitate division of labor in relation to job specialization, resource allocation, and delegation of duties among others. Project schedule will also a play part in resource allocation, and progress control (Pinkerton, 2007). The involvement of productive employees and supervisor will also improve correlation of the project’s process. This is because their attitude and ideologies are directly proportional to the results. From this, the project implementation teams have to be keen in hiring employees. With consideration of the above inclusions, we will impact on correlating actions and results with project management

Employee Engagement On The Scope Of Future Career Growth Of Employees Dissertation

Employee Engagement On The Scope Of Future Career Growth Of Employees - Dissertation Example In the words of Collings & Wood (2009), the most hyped topics in the context of international human resource management are ensuring employee commitment and engagement. Considering the current business environment, the internal management process of firms is being aligned with the strategic mission and vision of the firms for ensuring an appropriately directed performance. Scholars such as Dyne & Pierce and Konrad (2009) have questioned the authenticity of the organizations in the context of providing the scope of growth for their employee base. Carrying forward a similar concern Bakker & Leiter mentioned that employee engagement and job satisfaction does not go hand-in-hand. Focusing on these arguments and the evaluation of the practical work conditions and processes, the research will focus on analyzing the influence of employee engagement on their career growth opportunities with the help of a mixed methodology. Human resource management processes have transformed along with the changes in the requirements of the business firms and the increase of complexities in business management. Saks noted that methods such as downsizing are commonly used by the firm in order to reduce their operational expenses and at the same time maintain their competence in their respective industries. In this context, Green & Medlin observed that employee engagement concepts being followed in business are mostly implemented with the help of reward structures which can be considered as short-term obligations from the end of the organizations.

Were Westernization and modernization of a piece Or were there Essay

Were Westernization and modernization of a piece Or were there distinct forms of modernity that incorporated Western elements to different degrees - Essay Example For the sake of a common starting point, a definition will be supplied here - one that will be developed as the paper continues. The terms, first of all, are not synonymous. In examining a number of discussions on the subject, however, it appears that some do not have a developed view of the two terms - thus resulting in general confusion - and, for them, there will be no clearer understanding than what they have, until such a clarification is made. In short, McNeil defines it as change, one that is "incessant," and a "self-transformation," one that is based upon a constant influx of ideas - that came from within. The change is both technological, and ideological. This change, in the Western world, had no model from which to pattern its changes - there was no external force prompting it. Modernization, on the other hand, may not be as complete as was Westernization - which was a complete and, as of yet, an unending transformation. It is merely going from a more historically stagnant position (whether it be caused by lack of resources, technology, education, political theory - or all four), to a position that is more in line with levels of other cultures surrounding them - not necessarily Western cultures. When a nation awakens, and finds itself in the proverbial Dark Ages, unequal to, and incompatible with cultures outside their own, then there is often an awakening of the heart of that nation to possess what others have - for advantage, and sometimes out of fear. Westerners often have the opinion that, because we (the West) are among the most modern nations on earth, that any modernization is necessarily a Westernization. Because of our often outspoken voices, other nations, not as technologically advanced, often parrot that view, too. They are, however, separable upon closer examination. Now comes time to bring in the historical transformation of Japan, which came immediately following the arrival of

Population Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Population Growth - Essay Example The global population growth is deemed to reach 9.7 billion by the year 2050 and subsequently 11.2 billion by the year 2100 which will pose unsustainability challenges to the mother earth. The main projection is perceived to be caused by Africa’s population which is rising at exponential rates. The rapid population growth has the effect of damaging the Earth’s natural-capital as well as increasing carbon-dioxide buildup in the ecosystem. Hence, population-control approaches are more effective than the traditional birth-control limitation, since they have long-term and radical impacts on environmental protection and reproductive health control. According to historians, the world populations continue to double at wrecking speeds with every century. It is noted that before the 20th century, no humans lived while seeing the population growth double, but in the current millennium, there are individuals who have seen it triple (Kunzig Para 1). Based on Aridi Para (3) people nowadays are living longer than in ancient times. Additionally, a majority of the women today are at their child-bearing years approximately 1.8 billion of them. Based on this trend, the global population growth is perceived to keep increasing despite the reduction of children per woman as compared to the past generation. The UN demographers estimate the total population to reach 9 billion between year the 2045 and 2050. The global population growth-rate is estimated to be 80 million annually which is an alarming rate.

Globalization and International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Globalization and International Relations - Essay Example As a result of globalization, nations could improve their political as well technological relations globally. This paper will analyze globalization and its impacts on international relations. The concept of global economy came into existence with the emergence of globalization. This process notably assisted different segments of the international market. Globalization has significantly contributed to the creation of a global market and a global system of production. Capital marketers also enjoy the benefits of globalization as it has contributed to the integration of financial systems. This concept aided financial organizations like International Monetary Fund to disseminate â€Å"a particular view of the state’s role within the international economy† (Robinson, 2006). In addition, globalization enhanced the development of telecommunications media which in turn fastened the spread of global mass culture. And the key production factors such as capital and labor became globally mobile. Globalization eliminated international trade barriers and thus promoted international relations once this concept weakened the ability of nations to control transnational operations and economic activities. Companies transplanted their production facilities to other countries where costs are comparatively lower. Before the emergence of globalization, developing and underdeveloped countries had little access to developed markets and improved technology. However, since globalization, the global economic environment has undergone tremendous changes. According to Devetak and Hughes (2008, p. 34), globalization connects nations through a global network, and it assists a nation to get access to foreign markets and customers. Since the nations got ranges of benefits from globalization, governments adopted a liberal approach towards international trade.

Population Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Population Growth - Essay Example The global population growth is deemed to reach 9.7 billion by the year 2050 and subsequently 11.2 billion by the year 2100 which will pose unsustainability challenges to the mother earth. The main projection is perceived to be caused by Africa’s population which is rising at exponential rates. The rapid population growth has the effect of damaging the Earth’s natural-capital as well as increasing carbon-dioxide buildup in the ecosystem. Hence, population-control approaches are more effective than the traditional birth-control limitation, since they have long-term and radical impacts on environmental protection and reproductive health control. According to historians, the world populations continue to double at wrecking speeds with every century. It is noted that before the 20th century, no humans lived while seeing the population growth double, but in the current millennium, there are individuals who have seen it triple (Kunzig Para 1). Based on Aridi Para (3) people nowadays are living longer than in ancient times. Additionally, a majority of the women today are at their child-bearing years approximately 1.8 billion of them. Based on this trend, the global population growth is perceived to keep increasing despite the reduction of children per woman as compared to the past generation. The UN demographers estimate the total population to reach 9 billion between year the 2045 and 2050. The global population growth-rate is estimated to be 80 million annually which is an alarming rate.

Phrase that makes you think Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Phrase that makes you think - Essay Example The moment that you failed to do what they entrusted you with, you will be a disgrace to them. That example that I gave is done everyday without them being aware that it follows a certain phrase, â€Å"with great power, comes great responsibility†. Another example is when a local cop is granted the power to question people on why they drive in a barbaric manner. One temptation for the cop is to directly arrest the person in denial and get his cash as a sign of â€Å"release†. For some people who do not know or are not familiar with this phrase, they are tempted to be corrupt. I believe that once this quote is failed to be followed, they intend to be corrupt by default. In conclusion, this phrase could remind us repeatedly that we are all tempted to use our powers for doing bad things, and that we have to be careful because we are the masters of our own hands. This phrase would also help people to be aware on their current positions and that of they have to use it wisely .

Cold War Essay Example for Free

Cold War Essay How important was the Sovietisation of Eastern Europe as a cause of the Cold War? The Sovietisation of Eastern Europe, though a significant factor for the cause of the Cold War, was still not the most important impetus of all. Even though the imperialist intent of the Sovietisation of Eastern Europe prompted the USA to come up with the Containment Policy that led to the conflicts, it was still the misunderstanding and mistrust from both superpowers which aggravated the progress and tensions of the Cold War. The Sovietisation of Eastern Europe was viewed by USA as expansionistic and hence, is one of the causes of the Cold War. The Soviet Union used the strategy what we have, we hold, creating satellite states while occupying previously held German areas, intimidating other parties away and allowing communist parties into power, creating the phenomenon Slicing of the Salami. One example was Poland, where Polish Stalinist leader Boleslaw Bierut who removed much opposition by ordering the arrest of Poles who opposed the new Communist government. The Sovietisation of Eastern Europe is a notable factor as it increased USSRs political, economic and military power by uniting other Eastern European states into a political and economic bloc against USA, mainly to spread Communism to Europe. The USA assumed it as purely Communist Imperialism, and that USSR was highly sensitive to the logic of force and perceived itself to be perpetually at war with democracy. The USA had failed to note that another reason of the Sovietisation of Eastern Europe was a form of security buffer against USA for Russia. This led to mistrust, suspicion and hostility. Hence this resulted in mounting tensions between both superpowers, and is a factor to the Cold War. The Marshall Plan was also one of the main reasons to the cause of the Cold War. It was an economic plan by the USA to provide Europe, including Russia, with the means to overcome economic adversities after the war, with the intent to prevent poor, devastated countries from turning to Communism and hence, keeping Communist influence in check. For example, up till 1953, US$12,721 million was sent to Europe in cash and kind, and France and Britain received the most. The Marshall Plan, though USA insisted that was directed purely on post war hunger, poverty and chaos, was interpreted by the USSR as a form of exploitation and an attempt to buy allies with money. Thus this worsened relations between USA and USSR, contributing to the development of the Cold War as it triggered a response from the USSR, which was the COMECON. The COMECON was the Soviets response to USAs Marshall Plan and also a contributor to the Cold War. By COMECON, the Soviet Union formed a political and economic bloc in which member states ignored the market economy and exchange rates in favour of barter trade, creating some measure of trade stability within the region. For example, oil and natural gas were traded among member states at below-market equivalent prices, partially to support the fragile economies of satellite states and also as a reward for compliance with Moscow. The COMECON was seen by the USA as an backward-looking attempt to spread Communism influence in Eastern Europe and garner support to counter the USAs market economy. Therefore this increased hostility between USA and USSR as economic and ideological rivals, and thus leading to the progress of the Cold War. The Berlin Blockade was a direct aggression of USSR against USA due to the conflict of currency reform in Germany, which heightened tensions between both superpowers and was the climax of the Cold War. The Soviets cut off key freight links to West Berlin, and later all traffic and essential supplies, to show that they would not tolerate USAs attempt to create economic stability using a new currency, the Deutsche Mark. The Berlin Blockade was an important cause of the Cold War as the goal of the Soviets was to starve West Berlin, an Allied country, into submission to Communism, and was seen by the USA as a direct threat to their own survival. Hence the aggressive nature of the blockade prompted a response from the USA, the Berlin Airlift, which was also USAs way of directly challenging USSRs limits of tolerance, which nearly escalated the Cold War into a breakout of a hot war. The Berlin Airlift was an equally agressive response of the USA to USSRs Berlin Blockade. With West Berlin having only one months worth of supplies and the USSR adamant in the blockade of land traffic, the Allies resorted to delivering the supplies using planes. This brought about an advantage of bypassing land traffic. Furthermore the USA was confident that Stalin was not prepared for an open military conflict by shooting down the planes, which was true. The Berlin Airlift had a significant impact on the progress of the Cold War as it was deeply humiliating for the Soviets and was a political and social victory for the USA. Such an outcome made the USSR ever more determined to keep its sector of Germany Communist, which made the initial plan of both superpowers on a unified Germany impossible. On the other hand, the USA became very wary of the USSRs actions and motives, given that the USSR had broken their own agreements on allowing traffic in and out of West Berlin. Hence this deepened both sides mistrust and hostility towards each other and increased each powers determination to hold on to and promote their own ideologies and curb the influence of the other, which helped the progress of the Cold War. In conclusion, even though the Sovietisation of Eastern Europe added to the rising tensions that led to the development of Cold War, it was still the misunderstanding, misperception and the mistrust of both superpowers that led to a spate of events that encouraged further progress into the Cold War. The USA saw USSR expansionism as totally impervious to the logic of reason and in a state of perpetual war against capitalism and democracy. To the USA, the Soviet Union could not understand the possibility for peaceful or non volatile co-existence, and would take advantage of any reduction in conflict to expand forcibly. Hence the USA conducted itself in the belief that they would never be able to cooperate harmoniously with the USSR and thus came up with the Containment Policy. However the Sovietisation of Eastern Europe was actually not purely Imperialist, it was also partly as a security buffer against USA. In reality, having different experiences and ideologies, both superpowers had different visions for the post war world. While Stalin was suffering from the Babarossa Syndrome and became paranoid in relations with USA, the USA held a strong belief in the Long Telegram, thus leading to the progress of the Containment Policy and later the rolling back of Communism, and USSRs counter attacks. This polarised superpower relations and precluded any sort of friendly relations for years. Therefore it was more of the misunderstanding and mistrust of both superpowers than simply the Sovietisation of Eastern Europe that is the most important factor of the Cold War.

Women In Bollywood Movies Film Studies Essay

Women In Bollywood Movies Film Studies Essay Bollywood Films are very unique and a different style of movie when compared to Hollywood. There are many things that are dissimilar in Indian films but here the different viewpoints of women in Bollywood will be explored. Female roles are a major aspect in the Indian film industry. Bollywood films are a major reference to Indian culture. The women in Indian society follow an idol that only does what pleases their beloved other and does not go against his demands. This is a tradition that has been followed for many centuries, to their women society for them to respect and do what the husband wants. These may also alter depending on the environment in which they live in and it is seen in some recent films as the directors are trying to show us the contrast of the modern feminism as it comes into contact with traditional values. The films influence the viewers to observe parts of their own lives. The two films, Mother India and Kal Ho Na Ho will be further discussed which illustrates d ifferent points of view towards women. In these films you can also see how the directors have brought out the roles of each female actor based on how they perceived various aspects in life. It is an Indian tradition that women are supposed to show extreme devotion to their husband which is well known as Sakthi or Sati in short (reference). Only those who live by these traditional norms will gain happiness but as they try to disobey these traditional norms they will be punished have to face the consequences. These traditional norms have been followed since the story of Raman and Sita as Sita cherishes and only does what the husband tells her to. Sita is known as the idol women that every woman should follow. The female role is a major role in the Indian society where the wife is supposed to be dependant on the men and those who arent are considered to be one that is seeking for western life such and usually go with the name of Rosie or Mary (reference). Others usually look at these types of women as the ones that would smoke, drink, go to parties and believed to be easily able to get into relationships with, which is very stereotypical. Of courses, these women are consta ntly punished for such behaviours. Basically Indian Films are a product of their culture and how it is developing as the modern society is taking over. Indian Films do contain scenes of romance although it is very rare where you would find a kissing scene as oppose to more Hollywood or western movies. This is because public kissing in Britain is a code of censorship and therefore it is considered something that is applied with western life (reference). There is a certain extent to where these scenes may go to in their industry and usually to convey their message to the viewers they start the romance scenes but would slowly end it off with taking it behind a bush or with a dreamy sequence with music that would be suitable for that type of situation. There are certain kinds of songs and instruments that are used for situation likes these and those are what will fill in the blank for these scenes in Indian films. In the film Mother India the ideal form of mother was the played by the f emale actor and after she got married she went and lived with her husband. She did everything as her husband wished and even after his death she raised her two sons on her own even in the hardest times. These are the typical characteristics required in the Indian society of a mother. At a point she was unable to feed her children and an old man said that if she pleases him then he will give her food and even then she refuses as she finds other ways to earn money. Here she is still committed to her husband having hope he will return which shows the love and respect she shows as an Indian women, which as another value seen in the Indian society. We can see that in many Indian film women are brought up like this for many years and it is their traditional norm for them to behave in such a manner. The environment in which a woman is exposed to is also a major impact on the way they feel, think and behave. Women that were raised in a village in India would behave more culturally and homely as for a girl that was to be exposed to an urban environment. These women that live in an urban environment find that they have more freedom in their Indian society. This is because in urban countries such as America, the perspectives of womens roles are seen differently from the Indian tradition. When these women go to live in an environment like that, they are expected to do what other women there would do and adopt to the societal values seen there. Most women there do more work outdoors like men; they would go to work, they drive, they take care of other business outside along with the men. So as they move into a place like that they would be largely impacted on how they feel and see the role they play from a different view. Women at times can also be treated as if they are in prison, imp lying that they have no freedom and if they were to do as they wish they would be punished for it. Directors that are associated with the new films are trying illustrating the present of a very different image of women. They are trying to explore their modernity, past and present individuality and community (reference). This can be clearly seen in the movie Kal Ho Na Ho where the film is set in America. The female actors in the film have a completely different role in comparison to the mother role in the film Mother India. The women in this movie had a different attitude with more confidence in their actions and speech. They took on roles of what only men were allowed to do according to the Indian norms and even dressed differently. Usually the female characters are seen wearing saris as in Mother India and more covered clothing because that is considered appropriate, but in more urban areas the society is more lenient so they are able to wear clothing as they wish. In the Indian so ciety traditionally pants and shirt was seen as clothing for only men but these directors try to show us the difference of how it is in present days which can be seen in this movie as well. The styles of songs that are given to female actors in the past were more village type of movies where the songs were more cultural with traditional instruments being mainly used. In the more recent films that were taken, such as in Kal Ho Na Ho the songs are more modernised with more different types of instruments used to establish that modern feel. These instruments may vary that including violin, piano, flute and so on. Westernized instruments have been given emphasises on to create the different environment that the film is taken in. So the way they act and present themselves is very important to the way the music and songs are conveyed in the movie as well. A correlation can be in the environment on Indian women. The issues that have influenced the life of women in India are being deeply examined and illustrated through the films by directors. The directors of the movie are the creators of the story and give each character a role in the movie. So basically, it is what the directors have seen and observed throughout their lives that they will put forth in a movie. The roles of the female characters are based on their own opinion on how they perceive them since they were raised. The majority of the directors are males than females, which is why we can get a clear understanding of how males assign the roles for females even in the two films that have been discussed in this essay; Mother India by Mehboob Khan and Kal Ho Na Ho by Nikhil Advani. The directors have been trying their best to illustrate in their films how a woman feels about their life, their experiences and problems that they come across from a womens perspective (reference). Lately there have been many female directors that have bee n entering the Indian Film industry. A difference can be seen in films directed by females, as the viewpoint is taken from more of the womens side and it brings out different perspectives of females. Many conflicts have occurred by women based on the critics of the movies taken by male directors, because they feel that the male directors still base their movies on patriarchal leanings (reference). Female directors try to avoid basing their movies on patriarchal leaning and express the capabilities and values of women that are usually omitted. The female director also wants to establish the hardship that they have gone through when obeying this theory and the outcomes of how the consequences that leads to it. Although male directors do attempt to show the past and the present roles of females in their films, however it is still to a minimum extent as opposed to the roles given to men. This can also be seen in some songs in the Bollywood films as the directors are trying to give the f emale characters a more modern style of singing and behaving, but when observed can be seen that they still shyly base it on the whole theory of patriarchal leanings. An example of this would this would be to see females in songs that rap which is very rare but men would do those roles. However, as society progresses sooner or later this will also be changed by the female directors along with the few other things that are outstanding. Bollywood films have very different viewpoints on women than you would see in Hollywood films. There are many factors that affect and lead to the outcome of this including the tradition that has been followed for many years. Female appearance is displayed in the Indian film industry based on a culture-specific theory (reference). The environment has also been a huge impact on how females are in the world and this has been explored in the Indian film industry as the recent product of Indian cinema is cultural modernity. Finally it is has been seen that the ideal image of the female role in the films only up to the directors of the movie as they are the one that expose these characters to the world. ***bollywood films and the different viewpoints it has on women** tradition: women are supposed to be more at home and not go outside Raman and Sita: wife respects and does what the husband wants, womens idol women who seek to live by the traditional norms find happiness, while those who dare to transgress them are punished and victimised ; moodle women in Indian cinema Mother and wife roles are very important roles in Indian cinema as it can be seen in the movie Mother India ; Sakthi or Sati: extreme devotion to her husband codified behaviour patterns that require the woman to remain secluded, confined to the domestic domain and dependent on the husband the opposite of the wife is the vamp, normally a decadent modern woman, generally with a name like Rosie or Mary. She flouts tradition and seeks to imitate western women. She drinks, smokes, visits night clubs and is quick to fall in and out of loveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ And she is almost always punished for her unacceptable behaviour. Indian cinema is a product of cultural modernity in India as few other media have. Yet the woman who chooses to identify herself with modernity is almost always portrayed as decadent and punished for it. Courtesan à   devadas -..the ways in which the female form is displayed in Indian popular films are culture-specific. Public kissing ; British code of Censorship applied in Britain : it is associated with western life, so is alien to Indian culture. How this is conveyedà   tribal dress, dream sequences/ wet saris, behind the bush in the artistic cinema, directors associated with the New Cinema sought to present a very different image of women.. : modernity, past and present, individuality and community. The urban environment to which she is exposed is clearly having a profound impact on the way she thinks, feels and acts. ** issues influencing the life of women in India are being increasingly explored through cinema by directors associated with the New Indian Cinema. 2) the representation of women by women film makers/directors; almost all these directors have shown a great interest in examining the experiences, problems and hardship encountered by women, from the viewpoint of women. environment: women have more freedom and do more stuff outside in cities than in their villages

The Nuclear Power Debate Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Nuclear Power Debate   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1953, nuclear energy was introduced into America as a cheap and efficient energy source, favoured in place of increasingly scarce fossil fuels which caused air pollution. Its initial use was welcomed by the general public, as it was hoped to lower the price of electricity, and utilise nuclear power for it's potential as a resource, not a weapon. However, as people became aware of the long term dangers involved in storing nuclear waste, it's use was criticised. Two accidents, at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl, demonstrated to the world the enormous risks involved in producing nuclear power.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nuclear power provides 17% of the world's electricity but coal is the main source, making up 39%. However, fossil fuels such as coal, require greater quantities to produce the equivalent amount of electricity produced from Uranium. The use of nuclear power opposed to burning fossil fuels has reduced carbon dioxide emissions by 2 billion tonnes per year, minimising the global warming effect on the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is responsible for half of man made gases contributing to the Greenhouse Effect, and has sparked action from the UN Intergovernment Panel on Climate Change. Their consensus is a concern for the environment in the next century if fossil fuels continue to be used, even at present global levels. The Panel claims that for carbon dioxide to be stabilised to safe levels, a 50-80% reduction in all emissions would be ...

Vioxx and Merck & Co. Essay -- essays research papers

Vioxx/Merck Summary The painkiller Vioxx was introduced in 1999 by Merck & Co. It has been used by over 20 million Americans since it was put on the market. Vioxx remained on the market for approximately five years without adequate warnings about its risks. In September of 2004, Merck took Vioxx off the market after a study revealed that it doubled the risk of heart attack or stroke for patients that used it for more than 18 months. Although Merck claimed that they had no idea of these possibly lethal side effects, some internal documents imply that they had been aware of the problem for years and had not made moves to change it. Over 300 lawsuits have been filed against Merck, and it is expected that thousands more will arise.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Further studies were conducted on the drug, but Merck adamantly fought Vioxx findings. Even thou Merck funded and agreed with the design of the study, it publicly discredited its findings. Other reports showed that in older patients, Vioxx made no provide as much protection as it is expected to. One study links Vioxx to 88,000 to140,000 cases of heart disease. Most of this information had been kept private for quite a long time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Despite the obvious health risks, in February of 2005, government advisers concluded that the benefits of Vioxx outweighed the dangers and that it was the patients decision whether or not to keep using the drugs. They stated that the prescription products should ... Vioxx and Merck & Co. Essay -- essays research papers Vioxx/Merck Summary The painkiller Vioxx was introduced in 1999 by Merck & Co. It has been used by over 20 million Americans since it was put on the market. Vioxx remained on the market for approximately five years without adequate warnings about its risks. In September of 2004, Merck took Vioxx off the market after a study revealed that it doubled the risk of heart attack or stroke for patients that used it for more than 18 months. Although Merck claimed that they had no idea of these possibly lethal side effects, some internal documents imply that they had been aware of the problem for years and had not made moves to change it. Over 300 lawsuits have been filed against Merck, and it is expected that thousands more will arise.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Further studies were conducted on the drug, but Merck adamantly fought Vioxx findings. Even thou Merck funded and agreed with the design of the study, it publicly discredited its findings. Other reports showed that in older patients, Vioxx made no provide as much protection as it is expected to. One study links Vioxx to 88,000 to140,000 cases of heart disease. Most of this information had been kept private for quite a long time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Despite the obvious health risks, in February of 2005, government advisers concluded that the benefits of Vioxx outweighed the dangers and that it was the patients decision whether or not to keep using the drugs. They stated that the prescription products should ...

Marxism, Crime and Deviant Behaviour Essay

When looking into the sociology of crime and deviance it is near impossible to avoid countless references back to Marxism, a theory which looks at society from a conflict perspective. * This particular theory argues that the ruling classes which we have come to know as the bourgeoisie use the agencies of the state (the political system, police force, criminal justice courts etc) to exert control over the proletariat. This changes the agencies of the state into agents of repression. * Society’s norms and values stem from those of the rich and powerful and primarily serve their interests. * These norms are then forced onto the poorer/weaker members of society, the values of which tend to be exploitative of these groups. * What is considered criminal and deviant behaviour within society as far as Marxism is concerned has been decided by the rich and the powerful. The laws in any given society can clearly reflect this point. * In recent capitalist societies norms and values of the bourgeoisie succeed and are effectively imposed on the proletariat. This is reflected in the laws and rules of a capitalist society in various forms. * A number of sociologists would argue that an example of the laws reflecting the norms imposed by the bourgeoisie is evident within society as a result of the amount of laws which concern or address the issues of property in capitalist societies. This point puts emphasis on importance of owning private property as a basis of wealth. Taking these points into consideration we can deduct that Marxism’s strengths include its ability to analyse crime and deviant behaviour as originating from the economic structures of society as it includes the relationship between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. Marxism makes it clear that criminal behaviour isn’t just an issue concerning the poorer classes of society but also those higher up the social and economic ladder. These crimes are commonly known as white collar crimes, Marxism makes it evident that this type of crime can be equally if not more damaging to society than the more common examples of working class crimes such as burglary, assault etc. A weakness of Marxism is that it is often criticised for over-emphasising the economy as the biggest, if not main cause of crime and deviant behaviour. An example of this is feminists being critical of Marxism for failing to explain or recognise gender as a factor. It is also greatly criticised for ignoring ethnicity and race as factors.

Importance of Language

Every day and every hour we hear words, letters and phrases: these are the means of communication between me and another person. If we both speak the same language we can connect on another level, versus someone who speaks a completely different language than me. English, my primary language, has been part of me since the day I was born, but another language, Vietnamese, has been part of my grandpa’s life since the day he was born. It is fascinating to see my grandpa going through the drive-thru at a fast-food restaurant.When I was a kid, my grandpa used to take me to Arby’s all the time. He would take me in his beaten up green truck, and we would roll down the street to Arby’s. Every time, he would get the roast beef sandwich and I would get the curly fries. Man those were good. We would go through the drive-thru and when the person on the intercom asked my grandpa what he wanted, my grandpa would tell him â€Å"roo-bee-san-with† and â€Å"ca-ree-fryâ₠¬ . For some odd reason, it seemed that there was always a different person working every time we went, because the person on the intercom would never recognize old gramp’s English, even though we came there about a billion times.Eventually though, they would understand what my gramps was trying to say and we would have our delicious warm food. Time went past, and the world didn’t seem to change. Me being a grown adult and all, it was my turn to take my grandpa to Arby’s, but stubborn old gramps wouldn’t let me. I guess it has something to do with the Vietnamese culture, the younger person was always lower than his or her elder. Anyway, he would drive me down the street to Arby’s and same ole, same ole, he would take me through the drive-thru and say â€Å"roo-bee-san-with† and â€Å"ca-ree-fry†, and again, the person wouldn’t be able to understand him, but eventually they would, and me and my grandpa would have our scrumptiou s food.The funny thing is, another Vietnamese person could easily have a conversation with my grandpa in full-out English and they would understand each other completely. Which I still don’t get. Perhaps you have to be Vietnamese to understand Vietnamese accents, and British to understand British accents. Even though me and my  grandpa can speak English, it’s as though we speak entirely different languages. For example, I can easily tell if someone’s from Kentucky versus someone from the Bronx.English is the means of communication, but we communicate in different ways. Someone from Kentucky might call a sprite, a soda, someone from the Bronx, might call it pop. Accents are what separate me and my grandpa. To me, dialect defines where we came from, who we hang around and what languages we can speak. Where is exactly is he or she from? Anyone may answer this question for themselves, the only thing I consider to be obvious is their accent. Language serves the rol e of exchanging ideas through communication in a way for other people to understand it. Language helps identify personal identities through certain words or accents to reveal where a person is from, like New York, China, or Kentucky.Through one language, we can see the blend of diverting cultures. To me, that is one of the most important things of language. The means of not only spoken communication but communication on a deeper level, where words cannot express. Through this importance of language, I can connect with someone on a deeper level through their culture. Like listening to a hip-hop song, I can almost feel the intensity of how that rapper grew up in the projects dodging bullets from gang members. In the end, language is what brings us humans together, and also separates us as a whole.

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Strategic management - Essay Example GM is utilizing the environmental principles to manage its supply chain, control and regulate the business functions, manufacturing processes and putting the vehicles on road. The principles that drive the policies of the company towards a green future are stated as follows: Reduction of waste: General Motors have recycled about 92 percent of materials in its manufacturing department. The company is reusing 97 percent of its waste so the landfill has reduced considerably. The remaining 3 percent of the waste is converted into energy. So it proves that nothing gets wasted at GM. The intention of General Motors to focus on environment is really appreciating and good. The company decided to invest $ 40 million in offsetting the carbon footprints. This is an initiative of the company to present a strong image to the investors. The stock prices would rise due to its strong position in the market. General Motors commitment towards the environment is twofold. It wants to produce cars that would offer great mileage and also reduce emission (AFED, 2011). By creating vehicles which are eco-friendly, GM would receive support from the government as well as attract eco-friendly buyers. It would also create new customer group for itself. The strategic decision of the company is to support the presidential administration for supporting the economy and also sell more cars which are fuel efficient. In the present scenario when the fuel prices are high, customers would be attracted towards the most fuel efficient

Berlin Airlift Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Berlin Airlift - Essay Example This study outlines that  the divergence of views on the status of Berlin soon emerged. The Soviet Union considered the presence of the other three Western nations only as a temporary occupation. As Joseph Stalin claimed, in economic and administrative terms, the whole of Berlin belonged to the Soviet-occupied zone of Germany.   On the other hand, the Western Powers asserted that the citizens of Berlin had the right to choose and determine the future.  Ã‚  From this paper it is clear that  the rift was further aggravated given the difference in Soviet Union’s and Western nation’s viewpoints regarding the economic recovery plan for Germany.   The former believed that Germany should be incapacitated to launch another war since Stalin assumed that Germany along with Japan could once again be perils to Soviet Union by 1960s.   On the contrary, the Western Powers, particularly the US, stressed that the post war reconstruction of Europe primarily depends on the re building of German economy and industry.  In line with the Western recovery plan, the unification of the Western-occupied sectors in Germany, dubbed as the Marshall Plan, was announced on March 6, 1948. The three Western zones would be consolidated with an independent federal government.  In this regard, the Soviet Union withdrew from the Allied Control Council administering over Berlin due to the perceived violation of the Potsdam Agreement by the Western Powers.... In this regard, the Soviet Union withdrew from the Allied Control Council administering over Berlin due to the perceived violation of the Potsdam Agreement by the Western Powers ("Reader's Companion to American History"). Apparently, the country was divided into East Germany under the Soviet Union and West Germany under Western Power control. As such, Berlin was similarly divided. As a pre-requisite for the establishment of independence, the Western Powers called for the revival of the economy. During those times, the only active economy in West Germany was the black market. To push through with the Marshall Plan, the underground economy would have to be destroyed. The Western Powers believed that currency reform was the answer. (Botting) Currency Reform As part of the proposed change in currency, a brand new currency, the Deutschemark, would replace the highly depreciated Reichsmark. The Deutschemark was set with a stable and universally accepted value. For the plan to succeed, the currency reform operation was carried out in utmost secrecy. They deemed it crucial that no leak was generated for this would result to adverse international consequence. (Botting) When the new currency was announced in June 23, 1948, substantial economic recovery commenced in West Germany. The confidence in money was revived and economy normalized as traders abandoned the barter system and sold goods in exchange for cash. The shops were also filled with various consumer goods which had not been sold legally for a long time. (Botting) Soviet Reaction The introduction of the new currency proved to be unacceptable for the Soviet Union. In a meeting between Stalin and three Western

Tim Hortons Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tim Hortons - Assignment Example Training needs are assessed through group interactions and observations by the human resource departments. The methods and techniques of training must be scientifically objective. This requires appropriately scaling the individual employee's performance through scores such as "needs improving, good, and excellent" (Chapman, Alan; 2009). Teams work best when they are given specific projects to work on. The selection and structure of teams depend on the size of the project and number of qualified personnel required in each team. They are trained on the basis of the job requirements and they are appraised through tests and observation by superiors as well as the human resource departments (Chaudron, David). Our business follows various strategies. We recognize good performance with a good back pat. We also recognize good performances through cash prize, good performance certificates and promotions (Employee Motivation & Job Satisfaction, 2009). Business hires a flexible leader. The flexible leader is a manager as well as leader. He knows a leadership is not manager and manager is not a leader. At the same time, he is capable of bonding with his men on a personal and emotional level. He has business targets. He meets his business targets using personal and emotional skills (Fletcher, Douglas; 2010).

UWB Ad-Hoc Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

UWB Ad-Hoc Networks - Essay Example gnal has a bandwidth that exceeds the lesser of 500 MHz or 20% of the center frequency, there is an authorized unlicensed use of the frequency range starting from 3.1 GHz and up to 10.6GHz, also the emission limit is -41.3 dBm/MHz. This technology uses the Impulse Ratio (IR) method for its transmission; the rate is different for radar and imaging purposes to the communication purposes. The rate of impulses for radar and imaging is in the range of 1 to 100 mega pulses per second. The communication rate can be in a range of 1 to 2 giga pulses per second. This diagram shows how much faster Ultra Wide Band technology is over any existing current technologies also it provides a high level of mobility which is important for a mobile devices it is intended for. The advantage of UWB over traditional radio transmissions is that traditional way would be to modulate the frequency and phase of the signal as well as power, of a sinusoidal wave. However UWB transmits impulse at a specific time, there fore it allows pulse position modulation and time modulation. Among the advantages of UWB that helps to prevent multi path propagation. It gives the possibility of the system to establish the time for an impulse to travel from the transmitter to the receiver in the direct path. The other advantage of UWB IR system is the short length of pulses does not allow them to overlap so the multipath fading is not an issue in this case. On the other hand in a system with high pulse rate there can be inter-path interference, it can be eliminated by error correction coding at the receiver. UWB can be combined with multiple antenna technology that doesn’t only allow increase in transmission speed but increases the reliability of the channel, there are a number of solutions that can increase the transmission speed over the regular SISO (single-input single-output); Technologies like multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) allows reaching gigabits per second range of transmission speed.

Nursing as Defined by Nightingale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing as Defined by Nightingale - Essay Example Women during my time could not go outright and do what they want. Their role is to marry and manage the household. Sidney Herbert, a man close to my heart, knew of my desire to do something more than just be a wife. He respected my choice and has been my friend ever since. For choosing a different path, I have been called an activist. And, because of this choice I had to live most of my life away from my family. My mother was very vocal that she was against what I was doing. Despite this, I persisted. My commitment to the task was growing as I worked everyday to help people to get well. But commitment and will without preparing oneself for the task would amount to nothing. This is the reason why I used the donations I obtained from the war survivors, soldiers and their families, to open the world’s first school for nurses: The Nightingale School for Nurses at St. Thomas’s Hospital in London (Morgan, 1992). It was also at this time that my â€Å"Notes on Nursing† was published. It became popular as a compilation of rules on practical nursing and hygiene (Harmelick, 1969). For me, these notes were not rules, but: â€Å"The following notes are by no means intended as a rule of thought by which nurses can teach themselves to nurse, still less as a manual to teach nurses to nurse. They are meant simply to give hints for thought to women who have personal charge of the health of others.† (Nightingale, 1860) â€Å"It ought to signify the proper use of fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and the proper selection and administration of diet—all at the least expense of vital power to the patient† (Nightingale, 1860) Basically, the issues that I wanted to answer in this book dealt with: â€Å"the proper use of fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and the proper selection and administration of diet† (Nightingale, 1860). According to Mr. Selanders these can be combined to form three central

Federal Republic Essay Example for Free

Federal Republic Essay First , there was a â€Å" Indias Ninth Five-Year Plan† projects generation of 54 million new jobs during the Plan period (1997-2002). But performance has always fallen short of target in the past, and few believe that the current Plan will be able to meet its target. The Indian youth also get problems in finding job: â€Å" If the unemployment rate observed during 1993-94 continues, the number of unemployed youth in terms of usual status was of 6. 2 million in 2001 . † ( Pravin Visaria 2000:n. p. ) Indias labor force is growing at a rate of 2. 5 percent annually, but employment is growing at only 2. 3 per cent. Thus, the country is faced with the challenge of not only absorbing new entrants to the job market (estimated at seven million people every year), but also clearing the backlog. Sixty percent of Indias workforce is self-employed, many of whom remain very poor. Nearly 30 per cent are casual workers (i. e. they work only when they are able to get jobs and remain unpaid for the rest of the days). Only about 10 per cent are regular employees, of which two-fifths are employed by the public sector. Now, the Indian economy starts recovering but the it’s hard to say that unemployment will be eliminated soon. In the table below the expected level of employment till 2012 is given(which is a very low one). Population and Labour Force: 1997 – 2012 (million 1st April) 1997 2002 2007 2012 Population 951. 18 1028. 93 1112. 86 1196. 41 Labor Force 397. 22 449. 62 507. 94 562. 91 The growing unemployment in India caused a lot of trouble what has been worsening the economical situation since 1980s. It produces the hole in the turnover of the goods as people can’t buy the necessary quantity of products not having enough earnings. Political instability in the late 1980s and oil price shocks resulting from the Persian Gulf War (1991) led to an economic crisis in early 1991, but swift reform measures taken by the newly elected government proved highly successful. Inflation declined from 13.1% in 1991 and 1992 to 8. 6% in 1993 and 1994. However, inflation stood at 14% in 1998. So, as we see, such concern as unemployment influences a lot the whole economical picture of the country. Besides, person that is out of working can’t develop himself and that reflects in a considerable way in the demographic structure of the country. All over the world history the notion of unemployment is associated with the crisis in the economy of any country. Biblioghraphy. 1. No author. 2005. Of economies policies http://www.ilo.org

Phenomenology Through the Passage of Time

Phenomenology Through the Passage of Time Phenomenology through the passage of time Today architecture has become extremely dependent on peoples visual experience. Writers, poets, philosophers, artists, and experts from diverse areas of life have noticed the increase in the quantity as well as the speed of visual imagery which affect our society. In the context of this observation they have commented by saying the following statements. Italo Calvino (1988, p. 57) has written about the unending rainfall of images, in addition to which Richard Kearney (2002, p. 383) talks about the image addiction, and furthermore Roland Barthes (1964, p. 38) suggests that its the civilization of the image. Through the passage of time, the way we perceive architecture has changed. As the world has evolved, our means of interpreting what we see have evolved with it too. Earlier, during the renaissance period, architecture and art were perceived through static portrayals of paintings, whether it were within the architecture itself or on a canvas. In order to experience the architecture, one had to physically visit the space, which in turn changed the experience one had within the space. The speed and quantity of images during that time period were comparatively lower. As compared to the era of the renaissance, today, art and architecture are perceived through fast moving images, bright LED screens, and flashing signboards. The modern architect has skipped the static era and interprets architecture through the mobility of images. In order for one to know about a famous work of architecture, one doesn’t necessarily have to physically visit the space. The increase in the quantity of i mages today makes it easier to transport images as compared to buildings. Through the infinite amount of images that are available via various resources, the way we perceive architecture today has become extremely different as to how we perceived architecture back in time. In the context of architecture today, Juhani Pallasmaa (2011, p. 119) has written: Architecture is increasingly turning into the fabrication of seductively aestheticized images without roots in our existential experience and devoid of authentic desire of life. Instead of being a lived and embodied existential metaphor, today’s architecture tends to project purely retinal images, architectural pictures as it were, for the seduction of the eye. Since the early part of the twentieth century the basic principals of the theory of phenomenology were moderately applied to architecture, but as an acknowledgement towards modernity the theory emerged as a workable alternative for architectural thought, and more recently the theory has gained a following amongst architects and writers. It is an established fact that the relationship between the architecture and its image is profoundly entwined amongst one another, although there is a another topic that is quite frequently discussed in architecture that rotates around whether there should be a constant need for new innovations or the quest for architecture that already exists amongst us. These two opposing sides of architectural theory were coined the following terms by Peter Eisenman, zeitgeist and genius loci respectively. Those in the favor of the theory of phenomenology towards the approach of architectural design support the genius loci, which in simple terms talks about the spirit and distinctive atmosphere of the place. Therefore this also means that they associate unconventional and new innovations in the field with temporality, hence according to their methodology they prefer informed and descriptive design which they affiliate with the deep understanding of the context of the place. One of the core principles of phenomenology today is that the way we experience architecture is ongoing. That it is a dynamic experience. We experience it with all our senses. This experience in totality is dependent, culturally on where we come from. It differs person to person. The axiom of phenomenology revolves around the successful ability to design and build spaces, through the process or reverse engineering experiences, or by obtaining the crucial requirements that the space needs through personal intuition. One of many experts who have written about this percept, Japanese author Jun’ichirÃ…Â  Tanizaki’s in his work writes about how coming from different cultural backgrounds can immensely effect the experiences that people go through while visiting an architectural space. Similarly many other literature pieces have strongly been favorable towards the theory that the personal experiences that one goes through are unique and differ person to person when it com es to space and context. Furthermore, many theorists in the field of phenomenology also argue that while experiencing an architectural space, one needs to have grounding in relation with the context of the space, as well as ground with the genius loci. Theorists argue that this grounding is extremely necessary as it changes the experience for the better, and that if one experiences the space with no prior knowledge of the context of the space, the experience is not as profitable as the prior. However, I disagree with this theory. I do not agree that grounding is entirely necessary when it comes to experiencing a space. Phenomenology as a theory does not just talk about grounding in relation with context and space but talks about the experiences we feel while we are within the space. It is not about the architecture as much as it is about the people that inhabit the architecture. I think that the experiences that we go through are most definitely effected by where we come from, what our cultural backgrounds are, and what we, as individuals have experienced so far in our life. Going back to the context of this essay, the theory of phenomenology impacts the experiences we have while being within the spaces, but these experiences also change with time. If one experiences a certain range of emotions through their senses while visiting an architectural space, it is not necessary that they will experience the same set of emotions if they visit the space at a different point in t heir life. As time passes, we grow, we mature, and we get exposed to different outlets which in turn change the way we look at things. Our opinions change with time, and so does out perspective. Like many other experts in his field, Martin Heidegger wrote about the theory of phenomenology. His work (1927) broadened the scope of the theory as he suggested to include the semiconscious activities as well as the unconscious mental activities that were related to rational and practical activities. The way Heidegger approached these ideas were more practical than those of Edmund Husserl. He favored to find truths in relation with deep understandings of being. Through his work Heidegger secured a link between the theory of phenomenology and the practice of architecture, which has continued to influence experts from both these fields till today, theorists as well as architects. Numerous philosophers, writers, architects and theorists have condemned the analytical debate about the influence phenomenology has on architecture and design. Many architects have been linked to the theory with the work that they’ve put forward into the field. Although the extent of this relationship between the theory and their practicality while building varies. Some of these architects include: Alvar Aalto, Peter Zumthor, Hezrog and De Meuron and Louis Kahn. Individually they have all practiced changing the theory into practicality through their respective experiences. They have done this by studying the precise context and culture in relation with their design for the spaces, the aim of these works are to impact the users of the space in the same way that the architects were impacted, and in order for the users to imitate these experiences in the way that these architects has intended to put across. Opinions of the experts on the theory of phenomenology vary from person to person. The opinions on how the practice of this theory on architecture should adapt to times today differ as well. Pallasmaa (2009) insists that we should do the following, Instead of participating in the process of further speeding up the experience of the world, architecture has to slow down experience, halt time, and defend the natural slowness and diversity of experience. Architecture must defend us against excessive exposure, noise and communication. But I think that in reality the world is constantly moving at a fast pace which makes it extremely difficult to slow down experiences and time with it. Even though this would be the ideal way to approach meaningful experiences that people would go through while visiting a space, it is very difficult to achieve. In this context Rem Koolhas has said the following quote in an interview with the a magazine (Icon Magazine 2004) Any architectural project we do tak es at least four or five years, so increasingly there is a discrepancy between the acceleration of culture and the continuing slowness of architecture. I think that throughout time architecture has come up to be one of the most impactful and crucial reflection of cultures across the world. Whether we talk about historical monuments such as Coliseum in Rome, the Taj Mahal in India or whether we talk about modern day iconic buildings such as the Guggenheim Museum and the Empire State Building, each building reflects a different story of a different period of time that we have passed. While older cities have retained their essence and transport us back to a different time and era, modern day metropolitan cities are constantly moving at a fast pace, they don’t give us the time or the essence to look back and feel experiences about our past. They in turn project a vision of the future, and push us towards that future. Similarly phenomenology through time reflects different emotions on us at different points in our life. In this context it is not necessary that one must absolutely have prior knowledge about the context and genius loci of the space. A completely fruitful experience can also be achieved as architecture appeals to our senses, and its only a matter about what those senses do to our emotions. These emotions can vary due to various aspects at that point in time. It could be affected by the experiences we have previously encountered in our life, or it could trigger a range of emotions that have been enforced upon us while we visit the space. These range of emotions do not need to be grounded to the context of the site in order to felt. They can be affected by the essence of the space, just the way old cities have a different atmosphere to it. Although what I feel it is not necessary that the person I visit the place with feels the same while being within the space. These experiences also differ due to our cultural backgrounds and upbringings. I do believe that phenomenology as a theory plays an important role in experiences we feel while being within spaces, but I also think that the theory is almost flawed. Personally I think that thinking, processing and designing through the theory of phenomenology requires to envelope the ideology that it is extremely difficult to design spaces and just based on practicality and rationalization, but it is not that that difficult that an essence cannot be effectively felt through basic intuition and through the study of knowledge that we have but its just subconsciously or unconsciously there within our reach to access. To achieve a space that works functionally yet embodies the essence that is meant to trigger a set of emotions, both of the prior ways need to be combined and be constructively applied through design methodology. Only by doing this can a designer or an architect create a space where there is ambiguity and instinctiveness, as well as senses that are not visual which act as perfect tools to experience the architectural space. To conclude my essay, I think that through time as we grow and evolve, we are exposed to far more experiences which slightly change the way we look at things every time. The more exposure we get the more we grow spiritually and emotionally. This changes the way we experience spaces. I think that phenomenology is deeply intertwined with the concept of time and growth. It is also deeply intertwined with the speed at which we experience things. Through the passage of time we experience architecture differently and that phenomenology plays an extremely vital part in the equation of experiencing spaces.

The Ruined Maid by Thomas Hardy and Cousin Kate by Christina Rosetti Es

The Ruined Maid by Thomas Hardy and Cousin Kate by Christina Rosetti The poems that I studied are 'The Ruined Maid' by Thomas Hardy and 'Cousin Kate' by Christina Rosetti. 'The Ruined Maid' was published in 1901, and 'Cousin Kate' in 1879. These poems were both written in Victorian times, and they both reflect the attitudes towards women at the time. At the beginning of the Victorian period women's powers were extremely limited; they could not control their own money and were very much under the control of men. Among the few respectable jobs available to women were teaching and taking in embroidery, but these were poorly paid. The attitude towards women at this time was extremely patronizing. Women had not yet been given suffrage: As they could not vote, they had little power and little choice. In the light of these attitudes the poems will be analysed to show how they reflect the Victorian women of the time. The poem 'The Ruined Maid' is about a woman who used to be a country maiden, who was 'tired of digging potatoes and spudding up docks', so has become a prostitute. This poem satirizes the Victorian view of prostitutes as doomed and ruined women, and suggests that they may in fact be happy and refined. 'Melia, 'The Ruined Maid' in the poem, has met an old friend 'in town' and now that she has become ruined she seems to be far better off than she was before. 'Melia left her home 'in tatters, without shoes or socks' and now she has 'gay bracelets and bright feathers'. Since her ruin 'Melia has also improved her language. "At home in the barton you said 'thee' and 'thou' and 'thik oon' and 'theà ¤s oon' and 't'other'; but now your ... ... in society. This tone is conveyed by the use of positive language such as, my 'dear', wearing 'fair garments', such 'prosperity', she has 'gay bracelets' and 'a delicate cheek' and is 'pretty lively' now that she is ruined. In 'Cousin Kate', Kate has all of the material things that 'The Ruined Maid' wants, but in 'The Ruined Maid', 'Melia has all of the material things that the country maiden wants. The poem that best represents the women of the time is 'Cousin Kate' which, coincidentally, is written by a woman. Although Thomas Hardy is more understanding and respectful towards women in his novels, this poem, 'The Ruined Maid', displays a totally different attitude towards Victorian women. Of the two poems I prefer 'Cousin Kate' because it is a more typical and realistic portrayal of the life of a ruined maid.

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare :: Romeo and Juliet Essays

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Acts 3 scene 1 of the play is a turning point. How important are the events of this scene to the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet At the beginning of the play the audience already know the plot, from the prologue. The prologue describes the two lovers to be, quote: 'star-crossed lovers', luck will influence the events. Their love leads to death, quote: 'death marked love' this tells us that Romeo and Juliet are going to die, but in the first two acts, the actions of the play seem to be positive and encouraging because Romeo and Juliet first sight each other at the Capulet's ball, they fall in love, start to meet up secretly after the ball, get married without telling anyone and start planning their future together. In the space of twenty-four hours all these things have happened. In act 3 scene 1 the power of chance causes two deaths. The death of Mercutio, Romeo's best friend and Tybalt, a close relative of the Capulet's. This was caused because the Montague's gatecrashed the Capulet's ball and Tybalt wanted to teach Romeo a lesson for gate crashing the Capulet's ball. Tybalt didn't intend on killing anyone but he ended up killing Mercutio because Mercutio was defending Romeo's honour. When Romeo had realised that Tybalt had killed Mercutio from wounding him, he went after Tybalt and killed him. After this the audience know that Romeo and Juliet will not be able to be happy because Romeo will be banished from Verona which means he can never come back to Verona and the Capulet's will never let Romeo and Juliet be together because he killed Tybalt a close relative. At the beginning of act 3 scene 1 Benvolio wants to leave because the Capulet's are abroad and the prince said, quote: 'If ever you disturb these streets again, your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace' this is said at the beginning of act 3 scene and is saying that if ever another fight is caused then they all will be banished from

Cmis102 Assignment 1

CMIS102 Homework Assignment 1 (Worth 13% of your grade) Problem definition: Calculate the usable area in square feet of house. Assume that the house has a maximum of four rooms, and that each room is rectangular. A. Problem Analysis – Following the directions in the assignment, clearly write up your problem analysis in this section. This program will compute the area of a house that has four rectangular rooms. Output is the value of the total area (total_area) of the house and is to be calculated by area/length/width input (A1, A2, A3, A4, L1, L2, L3, L4, W1, W2, W3, and W4) variables declared as float variables.The program will utilize the standard mathematical formula of obtaining area of a rectangle: A = L*W. As well, the formula will be coded in the program as Area=length*width (A=L*W) respectively for each room. L1 = length of first room, as float W1 = width of first room, as float A1=L1*W1 L2 = length of first room, as float W2 = width of first room, as float A2=L2*W2 L3 = length of first room, as float W3 = width of first room, as float A3=L3*W3 L4 = length of first room, as float W4 = width of first room, as float A4=L4*W4 B.Program Design – Following the directions in the assignment, clearly write up your problem design in this section and comment your pseudocode. Raptor software will be used in designing and testing this program. The three fundamental tasks of creating a program will be incorporated: 1) Input Data: Use of Raptor to add Input and Assignment symbols will allow user to input data when running the program. The Main and Input_Data modules will heavily use the Input and Assignment symbols in Raptor. In the Input_Data_module, variables will be assigned and declared.As well, the Main module will execute the entire program by calling the completed sub-charts. 2) Calculate formula: Use formulas to attain total_area of the house by calculating area of each of the four rooms. total_area = A1 + A2 + A3 + A4 to get the sums of all are as we must calculate the formula for each room A1 = L1*W1 A2 = L2*W2 A3 = L3*W3 A4 = L4*W4 3) Obtain Output: The program will display the result of total_area from process and calculation in the previous two steps. The design of the modular program will be created in Raptor and the design will look like this: Main module:Comment: â€Å"This program computes the total area of a four bedroom house in square footage. Call Input_Data_module Call Calculations_module Call Output_Data_module End Input_Data_Module: Write â€Å"Length of first room† (L1) Write â€Å"Width of first room† (W1) Write â€Å"Length of second room† (L2) Write â€Å"Width of second room† (W2) Write â€Å"Length of third room† (L3) Write â€Å"Width of third room† (W3) Write â€Å"Length of fourth room† (L4) Write â€Å"Width of fourth room† (W4) Call Calculations_module End Perform Calculations module: Declare A1, A2, A3, and A4; as floatSet A1 = L1*W1 Set A2 = L2*W2 Set A3 = L3*W3 Set A4 = L4*W4 Set total_area = (A1+A2+A3+A4) End Output Data module: Write â€Å"The total area of house is:† + total_area End C. Program Comments and Test Data – Following the directions in the assignment, include your test data and expected results in this section. Table 1. Include your test data table here TEST RUN OF DATA INPUT INTO PROGRAM Room#:| Input: Length & Width (in feet)| | Expected Output: Footage of house (in feet)| | Test Run 1| Area of Rectangle 😠 A=L*W| Room 1| L=10, W=5| | 50=10*5|Room 2| L=10, W=5| | 50=10*5| Room 3| L=10, W=5| | 50=10*5| Room 4| L=10, W=5| | 50=10*5| | Total Area=A1+A2+A3+A4:| 200 sq ft. | | Test Run 2| Area of Rectangle 😠 A=L*W| Room 1| L=12, W=6| | 72=12*6| Room 2| L=12, W=6| | 72=12*6| Room 3| L=12, W=6| | 72=12*6| Room 4| L=12, W=6| | 72=12*6| | Total Area=A1+A2+A3+A4:| 288 sq ft. | | Test Run 3| Area of Rectangle 😠 A=L*W| Room 1| L=20, W=10| | 200=20*10| Room 2| L=20, W=10| 200=20* 10| Room 3| L=20, W=10| 200=20*10| Room 4| L=20, W=10| | 200=20*10| | Total Area=A1+A2+A3+A4:| 800 sq ft. |